Indium
Indium is a silver-white soft malleable metal, which in its chemical properties is similar to gallium and aluminum, and in appearance to zinc.
General characteristics
Indium mined from residues of zinc, lead and tin production. Metal belongs to expensive light alloys, which differs significantly from other metals in number of following properties:
- Melting point 156.7 °C;
- Boiling point 2072 °C;
- 20 times softer than gold, which allows you to cut metal with an ordinary knife or use instead of pencil;
- When heating reaches 800 °C, alloy ignites with violet fire and turns into oxide state;
- Weak sensitivity to corrosion;
- It is a solvent for other chemical elements (tin, zinc, mercury and some on others), etc.
At same time, indium has the property of diamagnetism, which weakens magnetic field that inside.
Application area
Indium is not as widely used as, for example, cobalt or vanadium, but, nevertheless, there is an increase in its popularity. Today it used in production:
- LCD monitors;
- Electronics;
- Mirrors and car headlights (in some cases, along with silver);
- Photocells;
- Coating piston skirts of diesel engines of automobiles to reduce wear on parts, etc.
In everyday life, it offered in form of ingots, ingots, sheets and other types.
Steel grades
Exist many grades of indium alloys, but most popular is:
Alloy grades |
Chemical composition, % |
Standard | ||||||||||||||||||||||
GOST |
Wnr |
Uns |
Fe |
Sn |
Mg |
Bi |
Mn |
Cu |
Zn |
Ni |
Al |
Te |
Pb |
As |
Cd |
Ga |
S |
Ag |
In |
Tl |
Se |
Hg |
Impurities | |
In2 |
- |
- |
<0.001 |
<0.002 |
<0.001 |
<0.03 |
<0.0005 |
<0.005 |
<0.001 |
<0.004 |
<99.97 |
<0.001 |
<0.005 |
<0.03 |
GOST 10297−94 | |||||||||
In0 |
- |
B 1002 |
<0.00005 |
<0.0002 |
<0.00001 |
<0.0001 |
<0.00004 |
<0.0002 |
<0.0001 |
<0.0001 |
> 99.998 |
<0.0005 |
<0.00004 |
<0.002 |
GOST 10297−94 | |||||||||
In00 |
- |
B 1002 |
<0.00005 |
<0.0001 |
<0.00003 |
<0.00001 |
<0.0001 |
<0.00002 |
<0.0001 |
<0.0001 |
<0.00005 |
<0.00001 |
<0.0001 |
> 99.999 |
<0.0001 |
<0.00002 |
<0.001 |
GOST 10297−94 | ||||||
In000 |
- |
B 1002 |
<0.00002 |
<0.00005 |
<0.00003 |
<0.00003 |
<0.000001 |
<0.000008 |
<0.00002 |
<0.00002 |
<0.00003 |
<0.00001 |
<0.00002 |
<0.00005 |
<0.000003 |
<0.00008 |
<0.00005 |
<0.000001 |
> 99.9995 |
<0.00005 |
<0.00002 |
<0.0005 |
GOST 10297−94 | |
In0000 |
- |
B 1002 |
<0.00002 |
<0.00003 |
<0.00003 |
<0.000003 |
<0.000001 |
<0.000005 |
<0.00002 |
<0.00001 |
<0.00001 |
<0.00001 |
<0.00002 |
<0.00005 |
<0.000003 |
<0.00005 |
<0.00005 |
<0.000001 |
> 99.9999 |
<0.00008 |
<0.00005 |
<0.00002 |
<0.0001 |
GOST 10297−94 |
They are mostly used among manufacturers of above products.
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Mass units
| Kilogram (kg) | Metric ton (mt) | Pound (lb) |
|---|---|---|
| 1 000 | 1 | 2 200.62 |
| 1 | 0.001 | 2.20 |
| 0.4536 | 1 |